Landmarks in Urban Space as Signs

The new landmarks, findings and signs in optical coherence tomography

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a useful non-invasive imaging method which is used in the diagnosis and follow-up of various macular diseases. Photoreceptor disruption detected with OCT might be demonstrated the loss of integrity or absence of external limiting membrane, ellipsoid zone and interdigitation zone. It has been considered that the disruptions of these outer ...

Sustainable development in Urban Underground Space

During a very long period of time, civil engineers have been the only ones to be designated as the experts for underground space, while the planners and architects were the ones of the development at the surface. Cities worldwide tend to overlook an invaluable asset that lies beneath their surfaces. Most cities and urban regions are unaware of the benefits underground space use has to offer, bo...

Deficiency of the Space Syntax method as an urban design tool in designing traditional urban space and the need for some supplementary methods

Urban design problems have become so complex that no single designer is able to consider all aspects of a design area simultaneously. Lately the application of computerized and scientific methods have helped designers analyze complex problems. One of these new methods is Space Syntax. The purpose of this study is to first investigate the strengths and weaknesses of this method and then suggest ...

Sulci as landmarks

Urban Sound Gardens: Supporting Overlapping Audio Landmarks in Exploratory Environments

Sound gardens rely on location tracking technology to situate audio landmarks in public spaces, typically urban parks. These landmarks are surrounded by a proximity zone, and content relating to them is displayed to users within this region. In densely populated sound gardens, overlap between zones is inevitable and will result in simultaneous playback of multiple audio sources – a potentially ...